{"id":546,"date":"2010-10-07T23:39:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-08T03:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/2010\/10\/07\/thursday-night-zeugma-and-chiasmus\/"},"modified":"2010-10-07T23:39:00","modified_gmt":"2010-10-08T03:39:00","slug":"thursday-night-zeugma-and-chiasmus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/2010\/10\/07\/thursday-night-zeugma-and-chiasmus\/","title":{"rendered":"THursday night &#8211; Zeugma and Chiasmus !"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pBlogBody_539737657\" class=\"blogContent\">\n<div>Just watched Gabe&#8217;s last soccer game for the year.. it was sunny and bright as I drove to the field.. minutes after I got there it turned cold and rainy. As we huddled under our wind torn\u00a0 umbrellas , Bucky.. our friend the English teacher taught us two new cool new words\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The first was <b>zeugma<\/b>.. which <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vYXNrLmNvbQ==\" target=\"_blank\">ask.com<\/a> defines as the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although<\/p>\n<p>its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one. Rhetorician Edward Corbett offers this distinction between zeugma and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvcnMvZy9zeWxsZXBzaXN0ZXJtLmh0bQ==\" target=\"_blank\">syllepsis<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>in zeugma, unlike syllepsis, the single word does not fit grammatically<\/p>\n<p>or idiomatically with one member of the pair. Thus, in Corbett&#8217;s view,<\/p>\n<p>the first example below would be syllepsis, the second zeugma.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<div>&#8220;You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(<i>Star Trek: The Next Generation<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;He carried a strobe light and the responsibility for the lives of his men.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Tim O&#8217;Brien, <i>The Things They Carried<\/i>)\u00a0 <b>..<\/b><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;But Ted Lavender, who was scared, carried 34 rounds when he was<\/p>\n<p>shot and killed outside Than Khe, and he went down under an exceptional<\/p>\n<p>burden, more than 20 pounds of ammunition, plus the flak jacket and<\/p>\n<p>helmet and rations and water and toilet paper and tranquilizers and all<\/p>\n<p>the rest, plus an unweighed fear.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Tim O&#8217;Brien, <i>The Things They Carried<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;The theme of the Egg Hunt is &#8216;learning is delightful and delicious&#8217;&#8211;as, by the way, am I.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Allison Janney as C.J. Cregg in <i>The West Wing<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;You held your breath and the door for me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Alanis Morissette, &#8220;Head over Feet&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<div><b><br \/><\/b><\/div>\n<div id=\"coda\">\n<div id=\"resources\">The second was <b>Chiasmus.. <\/b>which <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vYXNrLmNvbQ==\" target=\"_blank\">ask.com<\/a> sadefines as a verbal pattern (a type of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYWIvZy9hbnRpdGhlc2lzLmh0bQ==\" target=\"_blank\">antithesis<\/a>) in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed. Essentially the same as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYWIvZy9hbnRpbWV0YWJvbGUuaHRt\" target=\"_blank\">antimetabole<\/a>. Adjective: <i>chiastic<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>Note that a chiasmus includes <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYWIvZy9hbmFkaXBsb3Npcy5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">anadiplosis<\/a>, but not every <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYWIvZy9hbmFkaXBsb3Npcy5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">anadiplosis<\/a> reverses itself in the manner of a chiasmus.\u00a0 Examples of chaismuses.. (chiasmi ?) include <\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<ul>\n<div>Nice to see you, to see you, nice!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(catchphrase of British TV entertainer Bruce Forsyth)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Cormac McCarthy, <i>The Road<\/i>, 2006)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;In the end, the true test is not the speeches a president delivers; it\u2019s whether the president delivers on the speeches.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Hillary Clinton, March 2008)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;I had a teacher I liked who used to say good fiction&#8217;s job was to comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(David Foster Wallace)<\/p><\/div>\n<div> &#8220;I flee who chases me, and chase who flees me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Ovid)<\/p><\/div>\n<div> &#8220;Fair is foul, and foul is fair.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(William Shakespeare, <i>Macbeth<\/i> I.i)<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which . introduced me to the word <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvcnMvZy9zeWxsZXBzaXN0ZXJtLmh0bQ==\" target=\"_blank\">syllepsis <\/a>which I learned is\u00a0 a kind of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvZS9nL2VsbGlwc2lzdGVybS5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">ellipsis<\/a> in which one word (usually a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvdHovZy92ZXJidGVybS5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">verb<\/a>) is understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies or governs. Adjective: <i>sylleptic<\/i>. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvdHovZy96ZXVnbWF0ZXJtLmh0bQ==\" target=\"_blank\">zeugma<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<div>&#8220;I live in shame and the suburbs.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Uncle Fester in <i>Addams Family Values<\/i>, 1993)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;When I address Fred I never have to raise either my voice or my hopes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(E.B. White, &#8220;Dog Training&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;We consumers like names that reflect what the economy does. We<\/p>\n<p>know, for example, that International Business Machines makes business<\/p>\n<p>machines; and Ford Motors makes Fords; and Sara Lee makes us fat.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Dave Barry, &#8220;Dave&#8217;s World,&#8221; April 8, 2001)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Piano, n. A parlor utensil for subduing the impenitent visitor. It<\/p>\n<p>is operated by depressing the keys of the machine and the spirits of<\/p>\n<p>the audience.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Ambrose Bierce, <i>A Devil&#8217;s Dictionary<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;I finally told Ross, late in the summer, that I was losing weight, my grip, and possibly my mind.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(James Thurber, <i>The Years with Ross<\/i>, 1959)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;She tracks sand in as well as ideas, and I have to sweep up after her two or three times a day.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(E.B. White, &#8220;On a Florida Key&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;The ice trays show deep claw marks, where people have tried to pry<\/p>\n<p>them free, using can openers and knives and screwdrivers and petulance.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(E.B. White, &#8220;On a Florida Key&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>Bryant Gumbel&#8217;s well-publicized memo ticked off the Today Show&#8217;s troubles&#8211;and other personalities on the top-rated show.<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;You took my hand and breath away.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Tyler Hilton, &#8220;You, My Love&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;You held your breath and the door for me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Alanis Morrissette, &#8220;Head Over Feet&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;PEACE. Live in it or rest in it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(bumper sticker)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And to <b>Anadiplosis <\/b>which is a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvdGVybXMvYS9yaGV0ZXJtc3R5cGUwNy5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\"> term<\/a> for the <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvcnMvYS9yZXBldGl0aW9udGVybS5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">repetition<\/a> of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next.Anadiplosis often leads to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYy9nL2NsaW1heC5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">climax<\/a> (see also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvZmgvZy9ncmFkYXRlcm0uaHRt\" target=\"_blank\">gradatio<\/a>). Note that a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYy9nL2NoaWFzbXVzdGVybS5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">chiasmus<\/a> includes anadiplosis, but not every anadiplosis reverses itself in the manner of a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYy9nL2NoaWFzbXVzdGVybS5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">chiasmus<\/a>. Like\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<div>&#8220;Fear is the path to the dark side. Fear leads to anger. Anger<\/p>\n<p>leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering. I sense much fear in you.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Frank Oz as Yoda in <i>Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menance<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;At six o&#8217;clock we were waiting for coffee,<\/p>\n<p>waiting for coffee and the charitable crumb . . .&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Elizabeth Bishop, &#8220;A Miracle for Breakfast&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div> &#8220;When I give I give myself.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Walt Whitman)<\/p><\/div>\n<div> &#8220;Our doubt is our passion, and our passion is our task.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Henry James)<\/p><\/div>\n<div> &#8220;All service ranks the same with God,<\/p>\n<p>With God, whose puppets, best and worst,<\/p>\n<p>Are we.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Robert Browning, <i>Pippa Passes<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;The years to come seemed waste of breath,<\/p>\n<p>waste of breath the years behind.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(William Butler Yeats, &#8220;An Irish Airman Foresees his Death,&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Aboard my ship, excellent performance is standard. Standard<\/p>\n<p>performance is sub-standard. Sub-standard performance is not permitted<\/p>\n<p>to exist.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Queeg in <i>The Caine Mutiny<\/i>, by Herman Wouk)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;The laughter had to be gross or it would turn to sobs, and to sob would be to realize, and to realize would be to despair.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Howard Griffin, <i>Black Like Me<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div> &#8220;The land of my fathers. My fathers can have it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Dylan Thomas on Wales)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;I am Sam, Sam I am.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Dr. Seuss, <i>Green Eggs and Ham<\/i>)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Only the brave deserve the fair and the fair deserve Jaeger.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(advertising slogan for Jaeger Sportswear)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;The general who became a slave. The slave who became a gladiator. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Striking story!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Commodus in the movie <i>Gladiator<\/i>, 2000)<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That\u00a0 lead me to <b>gradatio <\/b>which is a sentence construction in which the last word of one clause becomes<\/p>\n<p>the first of the next, through three or more clauses (an extended form<\/p>\n<p>of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msplinks.com\/MDFodHRwOi8vZ3JhbW1hci5hYm91dC5jb20vb2QvYWIvZy9hbmFkaXBsb3Npcy5odG0=\" target=\"_blank\">anadiplosis<\/a>). See also:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<div>&#8220;We glory in tribulations also: knowing that tribulation<\/p>\n<p>worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope: and<\/p>\n<p>hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our<\/p>\n<p>hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Paul, Romans 5:3)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;If you sow a thought, you reap an act. If you sow an act, you reap<\/p>\n<p>a habit. If you sow a habit, you reap a character. And if you sow a<\/p>\n<p>character, you reap a destiny.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(anonymous, quoted by Samuel Smiles in <i>Life and Labor<\/i>, 1887)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;She abandoned religion for mesmerism, mesmerism for politics, and politics for the melodramatic excitements of philanthropy.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Vivian in Oscar Wilde\u2019s &#8220;The Decay of Lying&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;All our knowledge brings us nearer to our ignorance,<\/p>\n<p>All our ignorance brings us nearer to death,<\/p>\n<p>But nearness to death no nearer to God.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(T. S. Eliot, Choruses from &#8220;The Rock&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;It takes an egg to make a hen<\/p>\n<p>It takes a hen to make an egg<\/p>\n<p>There is no end to what I&#8217;m saying<\/p>\n<p>It takes a thought to make a word<\/p>\n<p>And it takes a word to make an action.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Jason Mraz, &#8220;Life is Wonderful&#8221;)<\/p><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hatred; hatred leads to conflict; conflict leads to suffering.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Yoda, <i>Star Wars: Episode I<\/i>) <\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Opium is my business. The bridge mean more traffic. More traffic mean more money. More money mean more power.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>(Chung Mee in the film <i>Volunteers<\/i>, 1985)<\/div>\n<div>&#8220;They call for you: The general who became a slave; the slave who<\/p>\n<p>became a gladiator; the gladiator who defied an Emperor. Striking<\/p>\n<p>story.&#8221; <\/p>\n<p>(Joaquin Phoenix in the film <i>Gladiator<\/i>)<\/div>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It&#8217;s amazing what you can learn by hanging out wiht english majors in the rain !<\/p>\n<p>nite all, nite Sam<\/p>\n<p>-me<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Just watched Gabe&#8217;s last soccer game for the year.. it was sunny and bright as I drove to the field.. minutes after I got there it turned cold and rainy. As we huddled under our wind torn\u00a0 umbrellas , Bucky.. our friend the English teacher taught us two new cool new words\u00a0 The first was &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/2010\/10\/07\/thursday-night-zeugma-and-chiasmus\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">THursday night &#8211; Zeugma and Chiasmus !<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=546"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johncohn.org\/base\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}